Spaghetti failure occurs when a 3D model contains geometric overhangs that exceed the printer's natural bridging capability, typically defined as angles greater than 45 degrees from vertical. When the print head attempts to deposit filament into mid-air without a solid foundation, gravity causes the molten material to sag or droop rather than bonding to the previous layer. This results in a tangled, bird's-nest-like mass of waste filament as the printer continues to extrude onto unsupported space. This failure is distinct from adhesion issues, as the model may remain firmly attached to the build plate while the structural integrity of the print fails due to the lack of necessary support geometry.
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